Equine therapy can involve more than just riding the horse. In some sessions, a client might not even touch the horse at all. Often the therapist leading the session will set goals for the client to complete, such as leading the horse to a designated area or putting a halter on the horse. The client will complete the task to the best of their ability and then discuss the thought process, ideas and problem solving used to complete the task. Discussing what the client is doing at a given time allows them to improve language skills. Listening to the instructor helps improve the individuals ability to listen and follow directions, ask questions, etc. Not only is there communication between the handler and the instructor, but also between the handler and the horse.  This skill becomes especially helpful for those who are struggling with anxiety as often times they are stuck in worry about the past, or catastrophic thinking about the future.  This activity encourages a person to be present and focused on the task at hand.

Therapists who teach Equine-Assisted Therapies can easily adapt Cognitive Therapy as well as play and talk therapy. Depending on the nature of the anxiety and its severity, the Equine therapist is able to make decisions about the processes or techniques applied in the sessions. Main techniques used are Cognitive Therapy, practicing activities, activity scheduling, play therapy and story telling and talk therapy.

Cognitive Therapy: This type of therapy is often used as a treatment for anxiety. Horses sense danger and respond with heightened awareness of their surroundings, oftentimes trying to flee if the situation seems too dangerous to them. Individuals suffering from anxiety disorders may be able to feel these changes through observation, then allowing them to discuss anxious activities with the therapist. Focusing on the apprehension of the animal rather than oneself can greatly reduce the individual’s anxious response and allow them to challenge automatic thoughts. Throughout this process the patient would practice remaining calm and taking responsibility of his or her own thoughts.

Practicing activities: Often times, individuals experiencing severe anxiety will tend to avoid activities that are challenging, fearful, or out of their comfort zone. This technique allows an individual to choose an activity, which may be outside of their own skill level. The therapist will then assist them as needed and talk with them about thoughts or feeling that are stimulated by these activities. For example, longing, bathing, and feeding the horse are all activities that involve coordination, planning and active communication.

Activity scheduling: Many people struggling with anxiety will begin to avoid chores or other responsibilities that previously were inherent in their daily activity due to the impact the anxiety is having on their lives.  The more they avoid however, the more their anxiety is perpetuated by thinking about returning to those activities.  Planning or developing a schedule to care for an animal or horse throughout the day can teach an individual a sense of responsibility as well as flexibility because the physical needs of the animal/ horses can change anytime.  This allows the person to direct their focus away from their anxiety and begin returning to structure during the day that will foster a experience of feeling more competent and responsible.

Play Therapy and Story telling: Many horse characteristics can be identifiable to individuals including the instincts of play, curiosity, freedom and social drive. Play therapy allows and inspires creating relationships and setting limits. Story telling encourages developing stories about what the animal is thinking and conveying emotion. This is a great tool for encouraging the development of language skill and creativity.

Equine Therapy is often used as a team building exercise or in family or group therapy because horses also show interpersonal behavior. Also, because equine therapy is often goal oriented, it allows the group to work together to achieve a common goal.